La géomatique au service de l'archéologie de terrain : la solution Arch-Tablet

L'étude du processus actuel d'acquisition, de gestion et d'analyse des données, en particulier de la donnée géospatiale, sur un chantier de fouille archéologique, met en évidence des lacunes importantes : imprécision, lenteur, redondance, etc. Le SIG apparaît pour beaucoup comme une solution utile et pertinente. Pourtant, si les SIG soulèvent l'enthousiasme de la communauté archéo-informatique, les archéologues de terrain se montrent quant à eux beaucoup plus prudents, voir réticents, à l'idée d'introduire ces technologies sur les chantiers. Ce constat est à la base du questionnement général de cette recherche. Il relance la discussion sur la manière d'introduire efficacement les savoir-faire géomatiques au sein d'une organisation, ici plus spécifiquement au sein d'un chantier de fouille archéologique. L'objectif de cette recherche consiste à montrer que la conception et le développement participatif d'une solution logicielle géomatique nomade peut soutenir efficacement la géomatisation ± acceptée ¿ du processus d'acquisition des données lors de la fouille. Un prototype logiciel, baptisé Arch-Tablet, a ainsi été conçu et développé suivant une démarche participative centrée sur l'utilisateur. Il a ensuite été testé auprès des archéologues de Parcs Canada, en charge de la fouille du site de l'ancien château de St-Louis, situé sous les planches de la terrasse Dufferin, à Québec. Ces derniers ont accepté de s'investir comme partenaires du projet Archéogéomatique en général et de cette recherche en particulier, en nous accordant un droit de visite sur leur chantier et en nous consacrant, à la demande, un peu de leur temps. Des tests ont été menés sur le terrain dans un premier temps, puis en laboratoire dans un second temps. Les résultats obtenus démontrent, d'un point de vue technologique, que la solution répond efficacement aux différentes faiblesses qui avaient été préalablement identifiées au niveau du processus actuel d'acquisition des données. Par ailleurs, d'un point de vue méthodologique, les commentaires recueillis auprès des archéologues démontrent clairement que la solution a été bien acceptée sur le plan humain. L'alternative proposée par cette recherche s'avère donc prometteuse

Sonder les zones inaccessibles avec la bouée bathymétrique HydroBall®

International audienceThis paper describes the performance analysis of an autonomous drifting buoy equipped with a GNSS receiver, an inertial measurement unit and a single beam echosounder. The system is intended for surveying difficult access areas like high-flowing rivers, confined zones and ultra shallow waters, which are unreachable using a classical survey launches. Thanks to a total propagated uncertainty analysis, we show that the system meets international and industrial hydrographic standards

RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 4 enhances autophagy and lysosome tethering in response to Interleukin-4

Autophagy is a key degradative pathway coordinated by external cues, including starvation, oxidative stress, or pathogen detection. Rare are the molecules known to contribute mechanistically to the regulation of autophagy and expressed specifically in particular environmental contexts or in distinct cell types. Here, we unravel the role of RUN and FYVE domain–containing protein 4 (RUFY4) as a positive molecular regulator of macroautophagy in primary dendritic cells (DCs). We show that exposure to interleukin-4 (IL-4) during DC differentiation enhances autophagy flux through mTORC1 regulation and RUFY4 induction, which in turn actively promote LC3 degradation, Syntaxin 17– positive autophagosome formation, and lysosome tethering. Enhanced autophagy boosts endogenous antigen presentation by MHC II and allows host control of Brucella abortus replication in IL-4–treated DCs and in RUFY4-expressing cells. RUFY4 is therefore the first molecule characterized to date that promotes autophagy and influences endosome dynamics in a subset of immune cells

Réflexion sur une approche combinant des situations cliniques et des situations réelles pour enseigner la planification d’interventions de promotion de la santé à l’aide d’un modèle logique

Contexte : Avec la création de la Charte d'Ottawa en 1986, la promotion de la santé est devenu un incontournable pour améliorer la santé des populations et réduire les inégalités sociales. Cependant, l'approche de la promotion de la santé nécessite une concertation intersectorielle pour la planification des interventions. Par son contact répété avec les patients et leur environnement et par sa formation favorisant l'approche réflexive, l'infirmière peut assumer un leadership important dans la planification de ces interventions. Toutefois, malgré une formation académique théorique sur la promotion de la santé, les infirmières sont hésitante et peu confiante dans la planification d'interventions de promotion de la santé (Abed, 2011). Afin que celles-ci puissent assumer leur leadership, il est nécessaire de développer une formation en lien avec la planification d'interventions de promotion de la santé qui est davantage lié à la pratique et qui utilise des modèles d'action plus concrets. Le modèle logique est outil souple et itératif qui peut être utile aux infirmières pour assumer leur leadership en promotion de la santé. Son utilisation facilite la planification, la compréhension et l'évaluation des différents éléments d'une intervention de promotion de la santé (Fielden et al., 2007). Objectifs : Afin de combler les lacunes recensées, nous avons développé une formation pour guider et soutenir les infirmières dans la planification des interventions de promotion de la santé. Cette communication a pour but de partager les apprentissages réalisés suite au développement de cette formation. Déroulement : Cette activité a été développée en se référant aux étapes de planification d'une formation. Elle se divise en trois sections soit : 1) un rappel des principes de base de la charte d'Ottawa et du modèle logique; 2) une intégration du contenu en petits groupes à l'aide de situations cliniques; et 3) une mise en application du contenu lors de situations réelles d'apprentissage. À l'étape 2 et 3, les infirmières sont appelées, en élaborant un modèle logique, à participer au développement, à l'application et à l'évaluation des interventions de promotion de la santé. Conclusion : Le processus de développement de cette formation a permis de répondre aux lacunes recensées. Lors d'une formation subséquente, il serait important d'évaluer l'impact de cette formation dans la pratique des infirmières. -- Mots-clés : sciences infirmières ; promotion de la santé ; modèle logique ; formation continue

Voltage Readjustment Methodology According to Pressure and Temperature Applied to a High Temperature PEM Fuel Cell

The operating conditions can have uncontrolled effects on the voltage of a High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (HT-PEMFC). For instance, the HT-PEMFC can be used at ambient pressure, i.e., without having a back pressure regulator. In this case, the variation in the atmospheric pressure directly affects pressures inside the fuel cell, which induces voltage variation. Moreover, in transient phases, several coupled phenomena can have an uncontrolled effect on the voltage. For example, following a change in the current operating point, thermal conditions in the fuel cell can vary, and the temperature stabilization then leads to a voltage variation. This article introduces a readjustment method for the fuel cell voltage to compensate for the effects of the pressure and temperature variations that are undergone and to decouple their effects. This methodology is based on the realization of a design of experiments to characterize the voltage sensitivity to pressure ([1; 1.5 bar]) and temperature ([120; 180 °C]) between 0.2 and 1 A/cm2 of an Advent PBI MEA (formerly BASF Celtec®-P 1100 W). The data obtained allowed identifying an empirical model that takes into account the aging caused by the experiment. Finally, the methodology is criticized before proposing an alternative method

Wave measurements with a modified HydroBall® buoy using different GNSS processing strategies

One of the CIDCO’s (The Interdisciplinary Center for the Development of OceanMapping) HydroBall®GNSS buoys has been specifically adapted to evaluate its potentialfor wave measurement at centimeter accuracy level. Multiple GNSS processing strategieswere tested, namely PPK (Post-Processed Kinematic), PPP (Precise Point Positioning), andTRP (Time Relative Positioning). Experiments were carried out in a hydraulic flume wherewaves of different amplitudes and periods were generated in a controlled environment.The wave heights obtained by the various GNSS solutions were compared with ultrasonicgauge measurements placed along the flume. The best results were obtained with the PPKand TRP solutions with root mean squared (RMS) values of 2 cm (on average). The mainadvantages of the TRP solution are that it does not require any reference station nearby(contrary to PPK) or precise ephemerides (required by PPP). A sinusoidal regression compari-son of the wave height time series allowed determination of the wave period and amplitudewith mean errors of 0.06 s and 0.8 cm, respectively.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Mass Spectrometry Evidence for Self-Rigidification of π-Conjugated Oligomers Containing 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) Groups using RRKM Theory and Internal Energy Calibration

International audienceThe self-rigidification of ionized π-conjugated systems based on two combinations of thiophene (T) and 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (E) is investigated using mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrometry (MIKES) of ions produced from electron impact ionization at 70 eV. The m/z 446 radical cations of the two isomers ETTE and TEET lead to detect m/z 418 and 390 daughter ions. The MIKE spectra differ only by the intensities of these fragment ions. As the m/z 418 daughter ion is produced through a same retro-Diels Alder reaction whateve

Aging and glycation promote erythrocyte phagocytosis by human endothelial cells: Potential impact in atherothrombosis under diabetic conditions

International audienceBackground and aims: Atherothrombotic plaques of type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients are characterized by an increased neovascularization and intraplaque hemorrhage. The clearance of erythrocytes may be carried out by vascular cells. We explored the potential of human endothelial cells to bind and phagocyte in vitro aged and/or glycated erythrocytes as well as erythrocytes obtained from diabetic patients.Methods: Fresh, aged and glycated-aged erythrocytes from healthy volunteers and T2D patients were tested for their binding and phagocytosis capacity as well as the potential functional consequences on endothelial cells (viability, proliferation and wound healing capacity). Immunohistochemistry was also performed in human carotid atherothrombotic samples (from patients with or without T2D).Results: Aging and glycation of erythrocytes induced phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure and oxidative stress leading to enhanced endothelial cell binding and engulfment. Phagocytosis by endothelial cells was more pronounced with aged and glycated erythrocytes than with fresh ones. Phagocytosis was enhanced with T2D versus healthy erythrocytes. Furthermore, endothelial wound healing potential was significantly blunted after exposure to glycated-aged versus fresh erythrocytes. Finally, we show that interactions between erythrocytes and endothelial cells and their potential phagocytosis may occur in vivo, in atherothrombotic conditions, in neovessels and in the luminal endothelial lining.Conclusions: Endothelial cells may play an important role in erythrocyte clearance in an atherothrombotic environment. Under diabetic conditions, erythrocyte glycation favors their engulfment by endothelial cells and may participate in endothelial dysfunction, thereby promoting vulnerable atherothrombotic plaques to rupture

Healthy Eating at School to Compensate for the Activity-Related Obesigenic Lifestyle in Children and Adolescents: The Quebec Experience123

In this article, we describe the Quebec experience about the determinants of childhood obesity and the search for solutions, which are well adapted to the constraints of the current lifestyle. As expected, it is likely that a decrease in physical fitness and its related sedentariness as well as suboptimal food habits have contributed to the increase in overweight prevalence that was observed between 1980 and 2000. Our research experience suggests that other less suspected activity related factors have also played an important role in the occurrence of the obesity epidemic. This is particularly the case for short sleeping and demanding mental work, which are features of our modern lifestyle. Because there is no foreseeable prospect for a change in sleep and mental work habits, we argue that compensations in other factors may be necessary to prevent weight gain in this new context. We thus developed a concept of food design aiming at the maximization of the satiating properties of a food or a meal course. In this context, we were successful in the design of healthy lunch bags for students of a school located in a low socioeconomic area. Indeed, for a majority of menus, an optimal compromise seemed to be reached between nutrient composition, satiating potential, palatability, and financial accessibility. In summary, the Quebec experience reveals that childhood obesity is a complex problem that partly results from unsuspected environmental factors that deserve creative solutions to at least partly compensate for their effect